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The Malankara Church is a church of the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India, with particular emphasis on the part of the community that joined Archdeacon Mar Thoma in swearing to resist the authority of the Portuguese ''Padroado'' in 1653. This faction soon entered into a relationship with the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch, and was thereafter often known as the Malankara Syrian Church〔(''The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 5'' ) by Erwin Fahlbusch. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing - 2008. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-8028-2417-2.〕〔Vadakkekara, p. 91.〕 (Malayalam: ''Malankara Suriyani Sabha''). As part of the Saint Thomas Christian community, the church traced its origins to the evangelical activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.〔〔Menachery G; 1973, 1998; Mundalan, A. M; 1984; Podipara, Placid J. 1970; Leslie Brown, 1956〕 As an independent faction, it originated in the first major split within the Saint Thomas Christian community. Historically, the Thomas Christians had been united in leadership and liturgy, and were part of the Church of the East, based in Persia. However, the collapse of the Church of the East's hierarchy in Asia left the province of India effectively isolated, and through the 16th century, the Portuguese, recently established in Goa, forcefully drew the Thomas Christians into Latin Rite Catholicism. Resentment of these measures led the majority of the community to join the archdeacon, Thoma, in swearing never to submit to the Portuguese in the Coonan Cross Oath. Several months later Thoma was ordained as the first indigenous Metropolitan of Malankara. Following the Oath, in 1661 Pope Alexander VII established a new East Syrian Rite hierarchy in communion with Rome for the Saint Thomas Christians; by the next year 84 of the 116 communities had joined, forming what is now the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. The remaining 32 communities stayed independent, and formed a relationship with the Syriac Orthodox Church. Over the next centuries this relationship strengthened, and the Malankara Church adopted a variant of the West Syrian Rite known as the Malankara Rite (as opposed to the previous East Syrian usage) and entered into full communion with the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch. However, through this time the church experienced a series of splits, resulting in large numbers of followers breaking away. In 1876 a dispute over authority between supporters of the Metropolitan and supporters of the Patriarch finally divided the church, with the former group becoming the essentially independent and reformed Malankara Marthoma Syrian Church and the latter maintaining ties with the Patriarch as the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church. In 20th century a dispute again raised in the patriarch faction over the extend of authority of patriarch in the Malankara church,This again resulted in a split .One essentially a independent Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church under a Catholicos and the latter maintaining ties with the Patriarch as the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church. Motions by church leaders and two Supreme Court decisions in the 20th century failed to heal the rift.〔Fahlbusch, pp. 285–286.〕 Other groups to split from the main body are the Malabar Independent Syrian Church, which broke away in 1772; and the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, which entered into communion with the Catholic Church as an Eastern Catholic Church with its own liturgy. ==Terminology== The word ''Malankara'' derives from the name of the island of Maliankara near Muziris, which according to tradition was the first place Thomas the Apostle landed in India.〔〔Frykenberg, p. 92.〕 Initially the terms 'Malankara Christians' or 'Malankara Nasranis' were applied to all Saint Thomas Christians,〔Frykenberg, p. 109.〕 but following the split the term was generally restricted to the faction loyal to Mar Thoma I, distinguishing them from the Syrian Catholic faction.〔Frykenberg, p. 136.〕 Later, many of the churches that subsequently branched off have maintained the word in their names. At the time of the split, the branch affiliated with Mar Thoma was called the ''Puttankuttukar'', or "New Party", while the branch that entered into Catholic obedience was designated the ''Pazhayakuttukar'', or "Old Party".〔Vadakkekara, p. 84; 86.〕〔Frykenberg, p. 361.〕〔Fernando, p. 79.〕〔Chaput, pp. 7–8.〕 This latter group evolved into the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. These appellations have been somewhat controversial, as both groups considered themselves the true heirs to the Saint Thomas tradition, and saw the other as heretical.〔Vadakkekara, p. 84 and note.〕 Following the association with the Syriac Orthodox Church, the church was often known as the Malankara Syrian Church (Malayam: മലങ്കര സുറിയാനി സഭ ) in reference to their connection to the West Syrian tradition.〔 As such they were often known as 'Jacobites', 'Syrian Jacobites', or 'Jacobite Syrians', a reference to the Syriac Orthodox Church's connection to Jacob Baradaeus. After the split between Metropolitan- and the Patriarch-supporting factions, the Jacobite designation has been chiefly associated with the latter group, who emphasize their connection with Antioch. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malankara Church」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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